• Protection from environmental aggressors
• Reduces oiliness
• Minimizes pore appearance and refines skin texture
• Improves skin texture, radiance, and uneven skin tone
• Improves the look of fine lines.

This combination antioxidant serum is formulated under the Duke Antioxidant patent. Vitamin C is a highly-potent antioxidant that by its structure has difficultly being effectively absorbed by skin. The Duke Antioxidant patent outlines the formulation parameters required for effective delivery of vitamin C to skin:

1) pure l-ascorbic acid (vitamin C);
2) an acidic pH within the 2.0-3.5 pH range and;
3) a concentration between 10%-20%.

SkinCeuticals is the only brand to formulate antioxidants according to these parameters.